The Time Machine and the Modern World Essay Example for Free

The Time Machine and the Modern World Essay The Time Machine, written by H.G. Wells, focuses on contemporary social questions. Through the progression of the story Wells delineates various interrelated social issues that existed in Victorian England. Wells reflects on the exploitation of the working class and the negative effect of modern technology on class struggle in a capitalist society. He also puts forward a rather contradictory opinion about how the advent of communism can render humans into being frail, weak and not so innovative like the Elois. In my opinion, Wells’ Marxist critique of capitalism can prove to be a plausible factor in the demise of our civilization and steer us towards the dystopian future that is depicted in the novel. As paraphrased from Comparing Economic Systems in the Twenty-First Century, â€Å"Marxism is an economic and sociopolitical worldview†, developed by renowned German political economist and socialist revolutionary, Karl Henrich Marx. It mostly focuses on class struggle due to the â€Å"alienation and exploitation of the working class in a capitalistic society†. (Gregory, Stuart 62) Class inequality, class struggle or exploitation of the working class has always been a motivating factor for every historical revolution. Karl Heinrich Marx, a German political economist and socialist revolutionary, in his publication â€Å"The Communist Manifesto†, describes the nature and history of the conflict between the Bourgeoisies and Proletarians due to class inequality and struggle. In the initial introductory line he writes, â€Å"The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles (01). Marx’s based his publication on the derogation and exploitation of the working class Proletarians by the ruling class, the Bourgeoisie, in a capitalist society. In the manifesto, he depicts how the Bourgeoisie rule over the Proletarians by the control of private property and class the Proletarians as the labor force with no such value as humans. The Proletarians are enforced to work with minimum wage and extended hours. Although the Proletarians a re portrayed as the slaves of the Bourgeoisies, Marx represents the proletarians as a unique class. They have the miserable existence they share in common, which also aids in good communication and brotherhood among them. After being subjected to such alienation and discrimination: the Proletarians revolt, overthrow the Bourgeoisies and assume control over all private property. The distinct characteristic of this revolution is that in previous revolutions, which were caused by social issues, property was relocated in favor of the new ruling class. However, the Proletarians had no way of differentiating class among themselves since they all belonged to the same class, and hence no way of relocating property. Therefore, when the Proletarians assume control, they destroy all ownership of property and in the process abolish the class system, thus bringing about the communist society that is based on common ownership. â€Å"The Communist Manifesto† points this out as the â€Å"march of history† (42, Sec 1, Part 1). The analytical approach of Marx’s manifesto about class struggle and exploitation in capitalist society is echoed throughout The Time Machine. The Morlocks are the working class in this tale of two humanoid species. And Wells indicates that after being exploited by the Elois, the Morlocks, like the Proletarians, start the â€Å"march of history† and relieve the Elois, of their private ownership (Marx 42). But since the Morlocks were so derogatively exploited and alienated from normal society, they evolved into different beings that can’t survive in bright light conditions. The Morlocks had to move underground. Therefore, with no existing class system and abolition of capitalistic society, both the races began living a communal lifestyle. I agree with Wells’ theory about a similar sort of event taking place in the future that would divide humans in a more distinctive and irreversible way and bring about the demise of civilization. Wells very astutely manages to tell us how the use of modern technology can cause class struggle and also at the same time hinder human capabilities. In The Communist Manifesto, Marx stresses on the negative effect of introducing modern technology into a capitalist society. He writes that the Proletarians can survive as long as they are employed. They are treated as commodities, whose price fluctuates with the supply and demand of the market. With the invention of machines and introduction of division of labor, the proletarians are rendered less efficient. The Bourgeoisies opts for more specialized machines which produce higher output than manual labor. The Proletarians are made redundant and are without any money or food. This causes the Proletarians to plummet further down the class system which adds to their brewing turmoil. This later incites their revolt or as quoted by Marx himself, â€Å"March of history† against the ruling Bourgeoisies. (Sec. 1, Part 2) Wells shows, the possibility of an event like this, in his book by the time traveler’s deduction of the Elois, being the ruling class, pushing the Morlocks further down the class system due to the introduction of technology and their over dependence on it. In the beginning of the novel, The Time Machine, the time traveler thinks that the Elois are frail and their communal lifestyle is what is keeping the world so trouble free. To him it seemed desirable, as it is something every society thrives for. But at the same time it seemed strange. The advent of communism among the Elois and Morlocks has made their life easier. Since property has common ownership and an easy life has made them strive less for innovation and change. This is evident in most of the communist countries today. As compared to their capitalist counterparts, most of the communist countries are still hindering behind in terms of social, cultural and technological advancements. This actually puts forward the question, â€Å"Which socio-political order is more useful? Capitalism or communism?† From what I have derived from Wells novel is that both socio-political orders have their own pros and cons. But history has shown that every time any of these orders have pushed a class of people to their extreme, the pendulum swings back and balance is restored to the system by any of the opposing classes. For Example: The French Revolution, The Slave revolt of Spartacus, Hungarys Revolt against Communism in 1956. Wells portrays this restoration of balance but he also shows how due to that, the pendulum swung in a completely opposite direction for the Elois and Morlocks and thus causing a demise of the modern human civilization. In my opinion, from this repetition of restoration of balance, there will come a point in time when a change would be so devastating that it would totally alter the world and its socio-political order. In a nutshell, I would say that the adventure story of Wells’ novel includes many archetypal elements. The tale of 802,701 is a political commentary of late Victorian England. He recommends that current society must change its ways if it doesn’t want to end up like the Elois, terrified of an underground race of Morlocks. In the book, Wells lampoons the decadence of Elois caused by communism and provides a Marxist critique of capitalism that incited the dawn of the Morlocks. I concur with Wells views, in The Time Machine, are relevant to our world and can bring about the breakdown of the human culture. Works Cited: Wells, H.G. The Time Machine. Penguin Books, 1895. Print. Gregory, Paul R., and Robert C. Stuart. Comparing Economic Systems in the Twenty-First Century. 7. South Western, Cengage Learning, 62. Print. Marx, Karl, and Engels, Friedrich. The Communist Manifesto. Section 1, Bourgeois and Proletarians (Part 1 2), 42. February 21 (1848). Web.

Seperation Of Church From State Essay example -- essays research paper

Separation Of Church And State The separation of the state from the church has been present in the constitution ever since it was written. The first amendment relates to a citizens freedom. This freedom does not only allow this practice speech but on thought as well. It states â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof.† (Barton, America: To†¦ p.15). When the constitution was formed society in general belonged to Orthodox Christian. John Quincy Adams, in a speech on July 4,1837 asked the crowd, â€Å"Why is it, that next to the birthday of the Savior of the World, your most joyous and venerated festival returns on this day?† He goes on to explain the important ties between the birthday of the nation and the birthday of Jesus Christ. He says that the Declaration of Independence was first organized on the foundation of Jesus' mission on Earth, and that the Declaration â€Å"laid the cornerstone of human government upon the fir st precepts of Christianity. Adams stressed that the major impact of the Revolution was that Christian principles and civil government were connected in an â€Å"indissoluble† bond. (Barton, America's p.17) Other Founding Fathers were very outspoken about Christian beliefs. John Jay, the first Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, and one of the men most responsible for the Constitution declared, â€Å"Providence(heaven) has given to our people the choice of their rulers, and it is the duty, as well as the privilege and interest, of our Christian nation to select and prefer Christian rulers.† (Barton, America's p.8) The law always stated the seperation of the two, the actual limitation was in its implementation in the cases of Everson v. Board of Education and Engel v. Vitale, the Supreme Court uses Jefferson and Madison's Virginia Statute, a bill that both men pushed in Virginia legislature, as a basis for the intent of the 1st Amendment. Jefferson and Madison pushed for the Virginia Bill for Religious Liberty, also called the Virginia Statute. In 1978 a few lawyers got together and considered a constitutional law. The original law said that public school teachers in grades 1-6 "shall announce that a period of silence, not to exceed one minute, shall be observed for meditation." This law did not work for long, because it still allowed oral prayer in public high schools. Later in 198... ...ft and Right Relentlessly Censor Each Other. New York: Harper Collins Publisher, 1992. 345 Wyatt, Robert O. Free Expression and the American Public: A Survey Commemorating The 200th Anniversary of the First Amendment. Murfreesboro: Middle Tennessee State University, 1990. 87. Free Expression and the American Public: A Survey Commemorating the 200th Anniversary of the First Amendment. Murfreesboro: Middle Tennessee State University, 1990. 87. United States. Natl. Amendments to the Constitution of the United States of America: Amendment I. Trans. Lowi, Theodore J. American Government: Incomplete Conquest. Illinois: Dryden press, 1976. A24 "School Board Bans Open Forums to Prohibit a Student Group Prayer."\Christ Today\(February 1, 1985) 48-49. Bosmajian, Haig. "To Pray or Not to Pray"\The Humanist Magazine,\(January/February, 198 5) 13-17. Gest, Ted. "What High Court Heard About School Prayer."\U.S. News,\(December 17, 1984) 71. Lewis, C. Anne. "Creeping Religiosity and Federal Education Policy."\PHI Delta Kappan,\(November, 1984) 163-164. Roberts, Fransis. "The Uproar Over Sch ool Prayer."\Parents,\(January 18,1985) 55-57. Seperation Of Church From State Essay example -- essays research paper Separation Of Church And State The separation of the state from the church has been present in the constitution ever since it was written. The first amendment relates to a citizens freedom. This freedom does not only allow this practice speech but on thought as well. It states â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof.† (Barton, America: To†¦ p.15). When the constitution was formed society in general belonged to Orthodox Christian. John Quincy Adams, in a speech on July 4,1837 asked the crowd, â€Å"Why is it, that next to the birthday of the Savior of the World, your most joyous and venerated festival returns on this day?† He goes on to explain the important ties between the birthday of the nation and the birthday of Jesus Christ. He says that the Declaration of Independence was first organized on the foundation of Jesus' mission on Earth, and that the Declaration â€Å"laid the cornerstone of human government upon the fir st precepts of Christianity. Adams stressed that the major impact of the Revolution was that Christian principles and civil government were connected in an â€Å"indissoluble† bond. (Barton, America's p.17) Other Founding Fathers were very outspoken about Christian beliefs. John Jay, the first Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, and one of the men most responsible for the Constitution declared, â€Å"Providence(heaven) has given to our people the choice of their rulers, and it is the duty, as well as the privilege and interest, of our Christian nation to select and prefer Christian rulers.† (Barton, America's p.8) The law always stated the seperation of the two, the actual limitation was in its implementation in the cases of Everson v. Board of Education and Engel v. Vitale, the Supreme Court uses Jefferson and Madison's Virginia Statute, a bill that both men pushed in Virginia legislature, as a basis for the intent of the 1st Amendment. Jefferson and Madison pushed for the Virginia Bill for Religious Liberty, also called the Virginia Statute. In 1978 a few lawyers got together and considered a constitutional law. The original law said that public school teachers in grades 1-6 "shall announce that a period of silence, not to exceed one minute, shall be observed for meditation." This law did not work for long, because it still allowed oral prayer in public high schools. Later in 198... ...ft and Right Relentlessly Censor Each Other. New York: Harper Collins Publisher, 1992. 345 Wyatt, Robert O. Free Expression and the American Public: A Survey Commemorating The 200th Anniversary of the First Amendment. Murfreesboro: Middle Tennessee State University, 1990. 87. Free Expression and the American Public: A Survey Commemorating the 200th Anniversary of the First Amendment. Murfreesboro: Middle Tennessee State University, 1990. 87. United States. Natl. Amendments to the Constitution of the United States of America: Amendment I. Trans. Lowi, Theodore J. American Government: Incomplete Conquest. Illinois: Dryden press, 1976. A24 "School Board Bans Open Forums to Prohibit a Student Group Prayer."\Christ Today\(February 1, 1985) 48-49. Bosmajian, Haig. "To Pray or Not to Pray"\The Humanist Magazine,\(January/February, 198 5) 13-17. Gest, Ted. "What High Court Heard About School Prayer."\U.S. News,\(December 17, 1984) 71. Lewis, C. Anne. "Creeping Religiosity and Federal Education Policy."\PHI Delta Kappan,\(November, 1984) 163-164. Roberts, Fransis. "The Uproar Over Sch ool Prayer."\Parents,\(January 18,1985) 55-57.

Garnier Fructis – Innovation

L’Oreal Garnier Fructis Oil+Shampoo Introduction: L’Oreal, the French cosmetic giant has become one of the leading players in the salon products sector in India. It marks its presence with a portfolio of 15 brands that grew over the span of nearly two decades in the Indian market, having an annual growth rate of 30 percent with a market share of 10 percent in the urban area. These different brands were launched in order to cover various product categories. The mass consumer brands L’Oreal Paris, Garnier and Maybelline New York; luxury brands Yves Saint Laurent, Kiehl’s, Ralph Lauren, Giorgio Armani, Diesel and Lancome; professional brands L’Oreal Professionnel, Matrix, Kerastase and Keraskin Esthetics and pharmacy brands Vichy and La Roche-Posay. † (premiumbeautynews. com, 2012). With almost 750,000 points of sale in both the traditional network as well as in the modern supermarket network, the brand Garnier has successfully become the leading multi-category beauty brand in India.Launched in 1991, this global brand understood the dynamics of the Indian market and was able to craft a special place for itself. Even though Garnier is positioned as a premium, nature-based and innovative brand, it is priced reasonably targeting at both, the upper and middle socio-economic classes. Worldwide, L’Oreal is famous for its product innovation and this trait is strongly portrayed in Garnier through its continuous new product launches. This also creates excitement amongst the consumers to try out the new innovative personal care products, leading to brand loyalty.Garnier has two sub-brands – Garnier Fructis and Garnier Ultra Doux. Garnier Fructis almost immediately created a very strong bond with the consumers since it was positioned as a fruit based brand. The Indian consumer is happier using natural based products compared to the chemical based ones. Under this brand, a revolutionary product was launched in the year 20 10; Garnier Fructis Oil+Shampoo that took the hair care market by storm. In this report, L’Oreal’s innovation and new product development models are explained in respect to their Garnier Fructis Oil+Shampoo product.Innovation Model: According to L’Oreal India’s chief operating officer, Mr. Dinesh Dayal, for this kind of success, the most essential factor is to yield the right kind of innovation, which was achieved through a blend of aggressive market research, intuition and the power of their global R&D. Along with the three main drivers of innovation for L’Oreal, i. e. active ingredients, formulation and evaluation; research has always been the main crux for the company’s growth. When it comes to creating cosmetic products, science is the main driver of innovation.An advanced research for discovering new active ingredients is conducted, where scientific knowledge about skin and hair around the world is gathered, after which formulation syst ems are developed and adapted by various brands including Garnier around the world. For the Fructis Oil+Shampoo launch in the Indian market, the product is formulated using three oils as its key active ingredients, i. e. Olive oil for deep nourishment of the roots, Avocado oil for nourishment of the hair fiber and making it supple and Shea oil for softening the surface.Once the formulation has been complete, the transition from the molecule to finished product is done after demonstrating the products’ safety and whether it is scientifically effective. But rather than focusing entirely on scientific research, L’Oreal believes in research that listens to consumers. They aim to nurture innovation through a constant dialog between science and marketing. Thus, in order to discover and disseminate beauty habits of international consumers, the â€Å"International Department of Studies and Consumer Insights† was created.Garnier realized that in India, in order to nouris h their hair, women extensively believed in the beauty ritual of oiling their hair, followed by a scalp massage and shampoo. The current fast-paced generation seemed to be moving away from this ritual as it is time-consuming. This became a source of inspiration for the 2-in-1 formula of hair oil and shampoo by Garnier. This is what India’s head of operations calls as â€Å"Indo-vation† – Innovation specifically for the Indian market. In order to understand the global consumers of L’Oreal, they strengthened their global presence in six regions; Europe, United States, Japan, China, Brazil and India.This enabled L’Oreal to come closer to their global market, as well as to gain the wealth of specific scientific and marketing knowledge of each region. In India, L’Oreal has its product development center in Mumbai from where it studies the specifics of hair and skin types of the Indian consumers, as well as their expectations and beauty routines f or all its brands including Garnier, and an advanced research center in Bangalore where it screens its active ingredients to address scalp concerns, hair breakage and pigmentation disorders.According to Jean Paul Agon (Chairman, L’Oreal Paris), opening a research and innovation center in Mumbai was in line with the company’s universalization strategy in order to adapt to the cultural specific needs for all its global brands. Further, L’Oreal abides by the principles of sustainable and responsible innovation on a daily basis. Product safety is an absolute priority for this cosmetic giant, and has contributed massively to the study of toxicology due to its constant scientific commitment. The team at the Ultramodern Global Center is responsible for the beneficial and undesirable effects of all the ingredients.Unlike Pantene, Head & Shoulders and Herbal Essence shampoos available in the Indian market, Garnier Fructis Oil+Shampoo does not use harmful chemicals such a s Methylchloroisothiazolinone, a preservative causing harmful effects on the skin as well as the immune system and Ammonium Chloride which is harmful when swallowed and causes serious eye irritation. Instead, this product uses plant extracts such as Pyrus Malus and Peel extracts. Also, L’Oreal makes sure that its products have minimum impact on the environment throughout their entire life cycle.For this purpose, all the raw materials are under constant monitoring for environmental indicators. L’Oreal stopped animal testing in 1989 and plans to terminate human biopsy for testing clinical effectiveness in the near future. New Product Development Model: L’Oreal operates in a very turbulent and volatile fashion industry, making the product life cycles very short. But according to Crawford (1988), an early entry of new product may result in the development of a new market and long term market dominance. Garnier Fructis Oil+Shampoo is one such product.Based on Ansoffà ¢â‚¬â„¢s (1965, 1968) directional policy matrix, L’Oreal implemented the product development strategy, catering to the Indian market with a new product, i. e. 2 in 1 oil and shampoo. New product development enables L’Oreal to earn increased value for the company through a superior market share. The company believes in creating innovative products which are not only differentiated but also satisfy different segments in the international market. Before launching a new product, the company has to ensure that the product is based on the consumer’s preferences and is ifferentiated from any other product in terms of its formula/innovation. Once such an idea is generated by market research, R&D takes over. Once completing the R&D process, the market reality is observed and different ways of marketing the product are employed. A company’s image would be shattered if there if any negligence in this context, resulting to product failures upon launch. Therefore the complex process of new product development has a direct impact on L’Oreal’s prestige. L’Oreal invests heavily while launching any new product and be certain about its effectiveness, practicality and marketability of these products.Thus, before commercialization of Garnier Fructis Oil+Shampoo in the Indian market, an intensive market research was done in order to identify the beauty ritual of oiling the hair prior to shampooing and how through R&D, this finding was converted into an effective molecular formula, later supported by a screening test and eventually passing through the market testing stage. Conclusion: According to Wang and Von Tunzelmann (1997), rather than R&D, marketing perceives a more critical role in the positioning of a new product in any market segment.In context of the Garnier Fructis Oil+Shampoo launch, it is a product that was never thought of earlier by the Indian consumers, thus making it difficult to believe in. Fundamentally, shampoo is used against oil and these are two products are not supposed to work together. Since the time factor prevents the consumers from using both oil and shampoo at the same time, Garnier has tried integrating the north-pole and the south-pole. They are trying to combine two attributes having a negative relationship and trying to convince the consumers that there is a scope of redefining this relationship and making them work positively together.Once this strategy can get established, it may work as a powerful differentiator. Garnier now needs to focus on developing a story that is credible enough for the consumers to believe in. Regardless of whether the innovations by Garnier would fail or succeed in the market, they have managed to gain equity through its innovative products, heavy investment in brand promotion, strong distribution reach and premium positioning along with a smart pricing strategy, creating a special place in the Indian personal care industry. References 1. Afaqs. com (2010) afaqs! gt; News > Company Briefs > Garnier launches Garnier Fructis Shampoo + Oil 2 in 1. [online] Available at: http://www. afaqs. com/news/company_briefs/index. html? id=43881_GarnierlaunchesGarnierFructisShampooOil2in1 [Accessed: 19 Apr 2013]. 2. B, H. (2010) Marketing Practice: Garnier : Take Care. [online] Available at: http://marketingpractice. blogspot. in/2010/01/garnier-take-care. html [Accessed: 19 Apr 2013]. 3. Bureau, O. (2013) L’Oreal looking at innovation to ramp up operations. [online] Available at: http://www. thehindubusinessline. om/companies/loreal-looking-at-innovation-to-ramp-up-operations/article4295052. ece [Accessed: 19 Apr 2013]. 4. Cosmeticsandtoiletries. com (2013) L’Oreal Unveils New Indian Research and Innovation Center | CosmeticsAndToiletries. com. [online] Available at: http://www. cosmeticsandtoiletries. com/networking/news/company/LrsquoOreacuteal-Unveils-new-Indian-Research-and-Innovation-Center-186324642. html [Accessed: 19 Ap r 2013]. 5. Coursework4you. co. uk (1990) L'Oreal's new product development strategy and the way they have successfully managed to achieve considerable market shares through consistent R&D efforts. PAPERS4YOU. COM | UNIVERSITY ESSAY COURSEWORK DISSERTATION ASSIGNMENT ACADEMIC ANALYSIS. [online] Available at: http://www. coursework4you. co. uk/essays-and-dissertations/sample85. php [Accessed: 19 Apr 2013]. 6. drugstore. com (n. d. ) Garnier Fructis Haircare Triple Nutrition Fortifying Shampoo, For Dry to Over-Dried or Damaged Hair. [online] Available at: http://www. drugstore. com/garnier-fructis-haircare-triple-nutrition-fortifying-shampoo-for-dry-to-over-dried-or-damaged-hair/qxp226120 [Accessed: 19 Apr 2013]. 7. Ewg. rg (n. d. ) Garnier || Skin Deep ® Cosmetics Database | Environmental Working Group. [online] Available at: http://www. ewg. org/skindeep/brand/Garnier/ [Accessed: 19 Apr 2013]. 8. Freepatentsonline. com (2008) Corporate culture and values: genesis and sources ofL'O real's entrepreneurial orientation.. [online] Available at: http://www. freepatentsonline. com/article/Journal-Small-Business-Entrepreneurship/204931980. html [Accessed: 19 Apr 2013]. 9. INSEAD Knowledge (2010) Indo-vation: tapping the Indian market. [online] Available at:

Essay on Paternalism in Bram Stokers Dracula - 920 Words

Paternalism in Bram Stokers Dracula Paternalism is the domination of a society by a male or parental figure that leads or governs much like the way a father would direct his family. In Victorian society, the idea of paternalism was prevalent. The idea was also frequently used as a motif in western literature. Bram Stokers novel Dracula, published in 1897, depicts a paternalistic society through a repression of the female sex and a continuous exaltation of the domineering male sex. Stoker communicates this idea through an abundant use of prominent male characters, the presence of merely two women, who are each extremely suppressed, either sexually or intellectually, and the constant exaltation of the male sex over†¦show more content†¦Each holds a high position in the society; Seward and Van Helsing are acclaimed doctors, Lord Godalming comes from an affluent family, and Harker is a solicitor. Van Helsing however, is seen as the chief paternal figure. He acts as the leader of the men and the architect of the plot to root out and remove the threat Count Dracula brings. He also cares for those who are weak in the novel, as a father would care for his frail child. When Mina and Lucy are seen as infected, frail, and vulnerable, he is there to console and to try to strengthen them. Mina and Lucy, once victimized by Dracula, develop wounds that symbolize their infection and vulnerability, but Van Helsing stays by their side to protect them. He even refers to Mina as my child (Stoker 309). When Lucy is extremely ill, he speaks to her as a father would, seen in the quote, Now, little miss, here is your medicine. Drink it off, like a good child (Stoker 131). Van Helsing is constantly concerned with those who are below him and he acts consistently as a sturdy and rational male. Paternalism also has a great influence on the behavior of females. Dracula is an excellent illustration of a paternalistic society because of its general absence of female characters and the almost total dominance of the male characters. This dominance leads to